Antibodies fight off infections and viruses.

Previous tobacco vaccines failed because they contained antibodies.

A protein that is in cells, called TRIM21, can attach to the antibodies on the surface of the virus particle.

The antibodies you just saw in this video, in action, are the ones that make most vaccines work.

Nationalism continues to produce powerful political antibodies to American and European meddling in other countries internal affairs.

Antibodies can continue to be an effective defence mechanism even after viruses have managed to gain entry to the host cell.

We saw earlier that HIV is highly variable, that a broad neutralizing antibody latches on and disables multiple variations of the virus.

The antibodies hunt down any nicotine molecules in the bloodstream, neutralising them before they reached the brain, preventing a smoker from getting a nicotine hit.

Three doses of live attenuated OPV produce protective antibody to all three poliovirus types in more than 95 of recipients.

Another example is the creation of hybridomas, hybrid cells created in the laboratory by fusing normal white blood cells that produce antibodies with a cancer cell.

Enzymes that chew things up, antibodies, it s all, you know, the fit between a protein and whatever it is grabbing, in this case a smell.

When the adaptive immune system of a vertebrate encounters a virus, it produces specific antibodies that bind to the virus and often render it non infectious.

Many animal traders tested in 2003 in a market in the epicenter of the SARS outbreak also had the antibodies again with no history of disease.

So the real question then is How do we ensure that your body makes the exact ones that we need to protect against flu and HIV?

Chinese researchers have detected antibodies to SARS like viruses in 2 of people from whom blood samples were taken in 2001 a year before the disease first occurred.

Now if you look at biology, there's many structures like DNA and antibodies and proteins and ribosomes that you've heard about that are already nano structured.

Populations of microbes fluctuate by many billions on a daily basis as they move between their host organisms and encounter antibiotics, antibodies, drought, or other natural hazards to which their genetic evolution may respond.

After two doses of IPV (given by injection), 90 or more of individuals develop protective antibody to all three serotypes of poliovirus, and at least 99 are immune to poliovirus following three doses.

In addition, these researchers found a new site on HIV where the antibodies can grab onto, and what's so special about this spot is that it changes very little as the virus mutates.

But, as it turned out, these immortal, antibody producing cells were useful not only for scientific inquiry, but also as a novel technological instrument for a variety of medical and industrial applications.

Memory B cells turn into plasma cells, which produce wave after wave of the specific antibodies that latch onto HIV to prevent it from infecting cells, while squadrons of killer T cells seek out and destroy cells that are already HIV infected.

And what we've got is a very, very high level of virus right at the beginning when you're first infected, then you start making antibodies, and then it bumps along at quite low levels for a long time 10 or 12 years you have spikes if you get another sexually transmitted infection.