Hey, these are bacteria.

This bacterium ..

Tomainia...

And what you're looking at with this namibiensis is the biggest bacteria we've ever seen.

This bacterium is resistant to penicillin.

This bacterium is resistant to penicillin.

Once upon a time there's this happy little bacterium.

These bacteria live in a bottle.

Bacteria always control pathogenicity with quorum sensing.

So, the bacteria grows hair on the crab.

The smallest bacteria is about 200 nanometers.

Say a new super bug has emerged.

The new bacterium, nicknamed Synthia, replicates and produces proteins.

The bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is one of the most radioresistant organisms known.

I think, I think the big one, and this, this sort of came up in the late 1990's in the United States s Thimerosal, so Thimerosal is an ethyl mercury containing preservative that has, was in vaccines really starting in the 1930's up until the late 1990's and I'll explain more what I mean. In the, in the 1930's, 40's, 50's we use, and, and really up to today, we use multi dose vial. So by multi dose vial, I mean that the vial contains, let's say, ten doses of vaccine.

Now this bacterium is part of mats that are found off the coast of Chile.

In ten hours a single typhoid germ can multiply into a million.

A bacterium, which has no consciousness at all, wants to move towards light.

And there's only one in this whole population that's resistant, that's not killed by the virus.

At 11AM there is one bacterium. At 12 noon the bottle is full.

Hey look, this bacteria should, you know, I am some bacteria said I am going to be a little bit smarter and design myself to resist this antibiotic threat .

BL This bacteria that we've been talking about turns out to be the most simplest form of life found.

And what they found, by doing research into the permafrost, was this bacteria.

So a 200 nanometer bacteria is going to get through a 200 nanometer hole.

What happens is that bacteria are able to count how many of me and how many of you.

This bacteria that we've been talking about turns out to be the most simplest form of life found.

This is one mechanism by which the bacterium Bacteroides fragilis prevents a mouse version of multiple sclerosis.

If you see this, and you're a bacterium, this is like your worst nightmare.

This was a notion then that, that the bacteria make proteins or toxins that then can cause harm.

Like Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica , Y. pestis is host to the plasmid pCD1.

The clue to this came from another marine bacterium, and it's a bacterium called Vibrio fischeri.

Each bacteria uses a particular molecule that's its language that allows it to count its own siblings.

And in fact, the smallest unit of matter that can evolve independently is, in fact, a single cell a bacteria.

Every life form on this planet every insect, every bacteria, every plant, every animal, every human, every politician is coded in that stuff.

Among children, Borrelia burgdorferi is now the most common bacterial cause of encephalitis and facial palsy.

So another question people have, is who recommends vaccines? And exactly how does this all work? And I guess it's really a three step process.

Because the bacteria we was had no idea of what we are today.

There's diatoms made out of SIO2, and they're magnetotactic bacteria that make small, single domain magnets used for navigation.

Y. pestis is thought to be descendant from Y. pseudotuberculosis , differing only in the presence of specific virulence plasmids.

There's diatoms made out of SiO2, and there are magnetotactic bacteria that make small, single domain magnets used for navigation.

Bacteria that double every 24 hours fill a lake it has infested after precisely 60 days.

Every life form on this planet every insect, every bacteria, every plant, every animal, every human, every politician (Laughter) is coded in that stuff.

And sitting next to that water in the cores was this little Deinococcus radiodurans, doing a backstroke, having its chromosomes blown apart every day, six, seven times, restitching them, living in about 200 times the radiation that would kill you.

First we figured out how this bacterium does this, but then we brought the tools of molecular biology to this to figure out really what's the mechanism.

What you know is that when that bacterium gets into the animal, in this case, a mouse, it doesn't initiate virulence right away.