Yet steps to protect investors can be taken.

For various reasons, savers have become ascendant across many regions.

Requiring managers to apprise investors of downside exposure would help even more.

Germany would protect its banks depositors on its own and through private means.

Twitter user suxinPL talked to one of the members near the protest site This woman is a member of Shanxinhui.

In addition, demographic changes reduced the number of contributors while increasing the demand for services.

Yet when the Icelandic banks failed, the British and Dutch authorities had to bail out local depositors.

Decisions taken behind opaque walls are more likely to be diverted to their interests.

Finally, the revolt of Cyprus s small savers highlighted the need for a credible system of deposit insurance.

As a result of the devaluation, clients began to gather at banks to withdraw their money.

First, we thought that the main reason why banks fail is that depositors panic, not that the main reason depositors panic is that banks are in danger of failing.

In Britain, for example, Tony Blair articulates a vision of a nation of savers and asset holders.

The ECB s margin for error is much narrower the support of its constituents less deep.

In the past, government bailouts have typically protected all contributors of capital of a rescued bank other than shareholders.

The ECB s margin for error is much narrower the support of its constituents less deep.

This will drive out the healthy contributors, saddling the insurer with a portfolio of bad risks the quick road to bankruptcy.

Unlike depositors, bondholders generally are not free to withdraw their capital on short notice.

Over time, of course, negative nominal and real returns may lead savers to save less and spend more.

Raptopoulos says they are also afraid that there will be haircuts on their bank accounts.

Despite the government crackdown, many of the company's 5 million investors insist that Shanxinhui is a legitimate patriotic business.

This creates a powerful incentive for depositors and investors to monitor their bank's performance.

By contrast, the proposal to impose losses on small Cypriot depositors had no redeeming justification whatsoever.

The bottom line is that hedge fund managers put their investors at risk, yet assume little risk themselves.

Indeed, this financial repression tax on domestic savers remains a huge opaque source of funding for India s debt ridden government.

To avert a repetition, securities held by banks must carry a much higher risk rating than they currently do. Banks must pay for their implicit government guarantee by using less leverage and accepting restrictions on how they invest depositors money.

In reality, however, there has been a widespread misperception that somehow Europe protects small depositors.

Paradoxically, that implies a period of negative interest rates to induce savers to save less and spend more.

Banks must pay for their implicit government guarantee by using less leverage and accepting restrictions on how they invest depositors money.

Moreover, the outcome for investors is the same even if managers are honest and merely think that they can beat the market.

The logic behind the separation was absolutely clear banks whose deposits were insured by the taxpayers should not be allowed to speculate with their depositors money.

Following the European decision to tax all depositors, the Mediterranean republic faces a critical situation.

China s approach represents a huge disguised tax on savers, who are paid only a pittance in interest on their deposits.

Most observers cite the authorities concern that if any sovereign does not honor its debts, all sovereign borrowers will be penalized. But such contagion risk is trivial compared to the wildfire that could be ignited by imposing losses on small depositors.

Most important, no restructuring of Cypriot banks appears imminent on the contrary, the intent seems to be to keep large depositors from fleeing and preserve the highly risky system.

He therefore sets an average premium too high for healthy contributors and too low for unhealthy ones.

But such contagion risk is trivial compared to the wildfire that could be ignited by imposing losses on small depositors.

6. Notes the desirability of expanding the number of potential contributors to the project by including the United Nations Associations of other countries

Depositors deserve strong, effective protection for their funds and the banking system requires it in order to maintain confidence.

ROME The Basel Accords meant to protect depositors and the public in general from bad banking practices exacerbated the downward economic spiral triggered by the financial crisis of 2008.

Because of steam engines and electricity, a large number of people were enabled to work together, and corporations could attract a large number of small savers, who became capitalists.

In addition, such insulation discourages the raising of additional capital, inducing executives to run banks with a capital level that provides an inadequate cushion for bondholders and depositors.

They dented the worldwide image of India as an emerging economic giant, a success story of the era of globalization and an increasing magnet for investors and tourists.

In 1992, Sweden s central bank, the Riksbank, allowed private bank equity holders to be wiped out, but it rescued depositors and creditors by buying up risky assets of failing institutions.

ATHENS The Cyprus bailout deal is a watershed in the unfolding eurozone crisis, because responsibility for resolving banks problems has been shifted from taxpayers to private investors and depositors. But imposing major losses on Cypriot banks depositors violates the deposit insurance guarantee that forms part of the proposed European banking union, while the imposition of capital controls further erodes the monetary union s foundations.

PRINCETON The task was never going to be an easy one impose losses worth about 5.8 billion ( 7.5 billion) on lenders to the Cypriot government and depositors with the country s banks.