On can see that the cooperative can also be a means of safeguarding assets.

Groups are very small and the relations between the groups are quite complex.

Restructuring is complex, as much for its reasons as for the procedures.

In fact, given its size, the farm could justify the presence of very specialised workers, but there were often too many. As restructuring will result in the creation of smaller production units, which is the strategy for professionallsation, these very specialised workers will not be profitable in this new structure.

who receives the information? what does the information include? what is the medium or the carrier of the information?

Various alternatives are possible a. without transfer of assets (the former collective farm remains the owner of assets and land but assets and land are operated by independent companies).

And when we finish school, you'll become a navigator, and I'll be chairman of the farm.

If the desired end result seems more and more obvious, the way to achieve this has to be invented.

There were allocated 400 hectares and 100 dairy cows.

The Tacis project remained in place until early 1995 but a field visit was made during the last days of May 1995.

No one can be divested of his rightful assets and decisions concerning the use of the assets (sale, rental, etc.) cannot be forced on anyone (except, of course, by official ruling).

It is important that the members of the collective farm be informed of the results of the survey. If this is not the case, the desired psychological effect (to show that restructuring will be carried out taking into consideration everyone's opinion) will be lost.

In 1994, the director of a neighbouring collective farm showed enthusiasm at the prospect of creating a cooperative with the private farmers.

This includes for example, the State administration and the banks which should give all possible support, particularly during the first experiments in restructuring.

None of the group is technical ly independent because of the design of buildings and the size of the farm, but above all, because of the priority given to the small size of the groups.

And in Belarus, Europe s last dictatorship, collective farming was never undone, and a former collective farm director, Aleksandr Lukashenko, runs the country.

If it is possible to envisage installing some units to introduce competition and create alternative marketing networks that will remain confidential, it cannot honestly be expected that all the collective farms will be saved by such investments.

It is obvious that this transformation will take time if we want all those people working in the collective farms to play a role, but it is important to start without delay and to set

tance), assistance in accounting and management, commercial and technical informa

In Orhei district, Moldova, the vil lage co operatives took over the machinery of the former collective farm and provide the small Individual farms with mechanisation services.

The division of labour in place at the present time in the vast majority of farms corresponds to an industrial situation which, unfortunately, is inappropriate in an agricultural context and more especially in the case of animal production.

At the end of August 1996, average milk production is 16 l day cow for the cows involved in project against 7 l day for the other kolkhoz cows.

Restructuring can also start with the creation of profit centres but with a prior drastic reorganisation of the work.

Should the management of Polotchany be rigorous in letting this department develop as it was planned by the project, i.e. retain its profit and invest it in further adapting the production system (setting new pastures for example), this experiment might be of major importance.

It is important that this group be integrated exclusively by people fully convinced of the necessity of restructuring.

In reality, there was anarchical grazing and repeated grazing of the new pastures by all of the other cows of the kolkhoz which inevitably led to exhaustion and to the disappearance of the white clover during the first winter.

it supplies a need for the cash that is one of the difficulties the producer has to con tend with it assists him in managing his cashflow.

Reasons for failure of the arryenda systems can be various a wrong design of the production system of various arryendas not enough technical autonomy of the arryendas non relevant costs for transfers between arryendas no decision taken to Improve the performance of weak arryendas profitable arryen das kept subsidising non profitable ones but the most important might be the lack of rigour when operating the system.