He had to appoint officials, select prime ministers after parliamentary elections, award state decorations, and make speeches.

True, he provoked party bosses by his often unorthodox approach.

Boris Yeltsin forbade party cells in state controlled institutions by decree.

The son of a poor building worker, he had a meteoric rise through communist ranks to become party boss in the industrial city of Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg) in the Urals.

For the politics of Tanaka and Ozawa produced an enfeeblement of Japan s elected leaders in favor of behind the scenes party bosses.

At three p.m. on the day after the vote, Jaruzelski summoned top party officials.

Open list systems, where voters have influence on the order in which a party s candidates are elected, provide no such guarantee.

Between the organizational structure of Solidarity and the official state and party organizations there was what might be called a gap between civilizations.

United Russia political party won in the party lists elections in which it received 40 of the votes (10 seats).

Individual activists have been targeted with specific threats, in everything from public speeches, to party media, to Twitter.

It has a committed electorate of its own, whose sentiments are responsive to Zhirinovsky's populist slogans, and a party apparatus staffed by committed workers.

I chose to involve myself in this personally risky project because I believe those who wish to serve China must reflect deeply on the lessons of the Tiananmen events.

To this end, the statutory status of the Party organizations in firms should be clarified in corporate governance structure.

As I see it, from Party Central media to local police stations, all of them have learned to manipulate their hostages and put on puppet shows.

Ask the party strategists and they will tell you that the financial crisis is a topic for losers voters want to hear something positive.

And they, too, are in angry revolt against party leaders, who are believed to have compromised themselves simply by trying to govern.

Ozawa, the all powerful Secretary General of DPJ, has been accused of using party funds to buy real estate, and of receiving bribes from construction companies.

The children of Mao s senior cadres who enjoyed the greatest fame during the Cultural Revolution are now the principal beneficiaries of today s economic reforms.

But the surprise of the last few months is that an important part of the Socialist electorate and party leaders back radical change.

It s just like I said in my column I don t get involved in internal Party power struggles, and I ve no interest in doing so.

The First and Second Party Congresses had only a few dozen representatives, who possessed the power to question the party's highest officials.

It was only after Mikhail Gorbachev summoned Yeltsin to Moscow in 1985 that he began to differentiate himself from dozens of other senior party apparatchiks.

Today, the CCP s political supremacy places it above the law, which encourages corruption among Party officials, whether at the local or national level.

In internal speeches, Hu identified the grooming of cadres and improved party operations as the keys to political reform.

Between 1991 and 2000, twelve Latin American countries adopted legislation requiring minimum percentages of women on the party lists used for the election of national legislators.

Zhao abolished the policy of enterprises being run by Party organizations and the system by which fa ren ( legal representatives ) were the core of enterprises.

The rumor regulation, which was implemented in 2013, has given Chinese police excessive power to arrest netizens who are critical of state run institutions, the government and party authorities.

Five days after the Congress, his speech was sent to all the leaders of the socialist countries and read at local party meetings across the Soviet Union.

In particular, owing to the relative insignificance of national party lists, Jordanians of Palestinian origin, who comprise nearly half the electorate, receive only a small percentage of elected officials.

This kind of hate speech and propaganda serves as incitement for VMRO supporters, who in opportune moments might decide to perpetrate patriotic attacks on their own, without direct orders from party leaders.

In some U.S. states, a voter can register as a member of one or another party and or vote in the primary election for one or another party.

But Ortega is creating a state of emergency in his party as he tries to diminish the threat posed by Herty Lewites, the former mayor of Managua and the country s most popular politician. With one demarche, Ortega dismissed the need for a party primary and designated himself as the Sandinistas nominee for next year s presidential election.

With one demarche, Ortega dismissed the need for a party primary and designated himself as the Sandinistas nominee for next year s presidential election.

In response to China s rapid rise and the assertiveness of its Communist Party leadership, the current conventional wisdom portrays Japan as a country of secondary importance which is equally mistaken.

Thus, Hu s Communist Youth League faction is preoccupied with advancing the careers of professional party functionaries who are specialists in areas including ideology, organization, and propaganda.

So we gave a press conference all the opposition parties together the day before the vote, demanding that the government release our party workers and allow people to vote freely.

As a consequence, German Chancellors usually preside over coalition governments, and their effective authority is based on the loyalty of the party forces they command within such political alliances.

After all, it has been China s young guns who consistently raise the issue of local corruption at Party summits.

Another major challenge facing the new Fatah leadership will be how it deals with the duality of holding party posts while also holding ministerial positions within the Palestinian Authority.

One strategy for neutralizing local politics can be seen in Party attempts to exert greater influence through the installation of Party officials as heads of village committees.

Xi enjoys the backing of incumbent PSC members associated with the Shanghai faction once led by ex president Jiang Zemin, as well as the majority of party elders.

Global Voices contacts in the country fear that these tactics could amount to incitement for VMRO supporters, who might decide to perpetrate patriotic attacks on their own, without direct orders from party leaders.

Party caucuses, decisions of party executive committees, and party congresses assume the status of public institutions with informal authority to block government policy.

Media outlets in mainland China are all state affiliated, falling under the control of provincial governments, party committees or propaganda departments at different administrative levels.

This is also why the Republicans are seeking to capture the Tea Party movement s energy for partisan purposes, overrunning it with well paid operatives, particularly from former Representative Dick Armey s fundraising and advocacy organization.