Three of these Korea, Taiwan, and Israel were considered developing countries a decade ago, but each has achieved rapid and sustained growth for many years, in no small part due to their scientific prowess.

Of the foreign inventors, Japanese inventors received 32,000 patents, German inventors 9,500 patents, and another 28,000 among the next 15 countries, all of which are developed economies.

Google is accused of infringing seven patents.

He retired from his company in 1890 and died in 1892 in Berlin.

Of those, 186 have been granted 228 are in process.

There's lots of electronics and secret sauce and all kinds of intellectual property that go into it.

In 2011, for example, the government established a set of ambitious targets for the production of patents.

The expanding scope of patents increases their value as a tool to promote creativity.

At that time, Bull had 1,200 patents related to smart cards.

So, reform the international patent system to guarantee the poor access to essential medicines, but don t kill the goose that lays the golden egg by undermining the patent system.

This is particularly important in the case of AIDS, because the spread of drug resistant viruses and the unwanted side effects of existing medicines, means that new anti retroviral drugs will be needed to keep treatments effective.

In subsequent Chinese history, the meritocratic ideal was institutionalized by means of the Imperial examination system.

In rich countries, patent protection should continue so that the pharmaceutical industry keeps innovating.

Some opponents of patents argue that government sponsored research is enough to develop new drugs, but history shows that, although government sponsored research is good at basic science, the profit based private sector is best at developing and introducing new products.

For example, immigrants to the US contribute more than half of the patents and Silicon Valley start ups.

Rich and poor nations have different needs in the areas of labor standards or patent protection.

A 1 increase in the number of immigrant college graduates leads to a 6 increase in patents per capita.

In recent years, however, patent law widened enormously with the acceptance, in the United States, Australia, Japan, and Korea, of business method patents that is, patents not on a technological process but on a way of doing business.

It holds the most patents of all American technology companies five of its employees were awarded the Nobel Price.

For the safety of his patents, Schmeisser created a second company under the name of Brothers Schmeisser in the summer of 1922.

Tropical countries, almost all of which are poor, had virtually zero share of the total patents (Singapore being the only notable exception).

Annually PNU staff and teams of researchers receive not less than 50 patents, certificates of registration of computer programs.

Of the foreign inventors, Japanese inventors received 32,000 patents, German inventors 9,500 patents, and another 28,000 among the next 15 countries, all of which are developed economies.

drug companies whether patent holders or generic drug producers must provide drugs to poor countries at prices near to production costs

Much of this globally valuable capacity was built under a regime of weak in fact, non existent protection for pharmaceutical patents.

Of the 163,000 patents issued by the United States in 1998, 90,000 were issued to U.S. inventors and 72,000 to foreign inventors.

The result is a bigger is better mentality that stresses ever more publications, patents, and citations.

Of the 25 companies granted the most US patents in 2006, only eight were American 12 were Japanese.

During the recent court fights over AIDS drugs in South Africa, patents received a black eye.

For example, HTML documents are identified by names that end with .html (or .htm), and GIF images by .gif.

On October 11, 2006, Transmeta announced that they had filed a lawsuit against Intel Corporation for infringement of ten Transmeta U.S. patents covering computer architecture and power efficiency technologies.

The Wright Martin company (successor to the Wright company) and the Curtiss company (which held a number of its own patents) each received a 2 million payment.

Europe trails the US in every dimension the number of patents, the number of Nobel laureates, the number of researchers it is able to attract from the rest of the world.

And its tight control of the use of its patents has inhibited the development by others of better and more accurate tests for the presence of the gene.

As some TomTom products are based on Linux, this marked the first time that Microsoft tried to enforce its patents against the Linux platform.

The turning point in the US came in 1998, when a federal court decision upheld a patent on an accounting system, which launched a flood of business method patents over a thousand a year in 1999 and 2000.

After losing out to Rockstar on the Nortel patents, Google went on to acquire Motorola Mobility for 12.5 billion, a deal driven partly by Motorola's library of patents.

But how can the benefits of a global patent system that provides incentives for innovation and new discoveries be combined with an assurance that poor people gain access to the medical care that they desperately need?

If politicians cave in here say, by eliminating patent protection, imposing price controls, or allowing re import of drugs from poor countries innovation for new drugs will stall.

Far from being a model of free enterprise, the pharmaceutical industry is utterly dependent on government funded research and government granted monopolies in the form of patents and exclusive marketing rights.

It retains a highly innovative economy, which registers more new patents each year than all European countries combined second only to the US and eons ahead of China and India.

The combined patents coming from developing countries and transition (post communist) economies in 1998 amount to less than 1 percent of the U.S. total patents last year.

With patents expiring in high numbers, new product pipelines drying up, and intensifying competition from generics, branded pharmaceuticals have been haemorrhaging value.

The group that owns thousands of former Nortel patents filed a barrage of patent lawsuits on Thursday against cell phone manufacturers including Google, the company it outbid in the Nortel bankruptcy auction.

A half dozen northern European countries can compete with the US when it comes to research and development spending and patents granted, but the south and east of Europe lag far behind.