The most straightforward answer seems to be leverage.

The titans of Wall Street and the City of London were exposed as hugely over leveraged.

Usually, it is credit that provides the leverage, and credit is by nature reflexive.

It lists already 1,000 entities that are offering debt and equity for social enterprise.

Investment banks with leverage of more than 30 times their capital in early 2007 are now down to little more than ten times.

Leverage is down sharply.

America has shown itself to be second to none in practicing cronyism, first with its rotten corporate scandals of recent years, and now in Iraq. Asian capitalists may have stolen some borrowed loot, but at least they didn't mix finance with war.

Asian capitalists may have stolen some borrowed loot, but at least they didn't mix finance with war.

In recent days, Italy's borrowing costs have soared dangerously and the prime ministers of both Italy and Greece have resigned.

Economic rot sets in as the ranks of dependent citizens grow, productive citizens dwindle in number, and society eventually runs out of other people s money.

Debt, by contrast, is a contractual commitment to repay creditors who are largely oblivious to how the money is spent.

Unfreezing Credit

They would have free use of their own allocations, but the IFIs would supervise how the borrowed allocations are used to ensure that the borrowed funds are well spent.

But the economic crisis has made it impossible to maintain a good life on borrowed money.

A chain of additional losses occurs when the inflated assets have been purchased with borrowed money.

The status quo allows banks instead to leverage taxpayer assistance by holding razor thin equity margins, relying on debt to a far greater extent than typical large non financial firms do.

While America benefits from increased demand for its Treasury bills (which reduces borrowing costs), developing countries receive a return of just 2 essentially zero in real terms.

He knows how to use the Russian government's credit line .

Wherewithal to deliver.

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Mortgages are available at outrageously high interest rates.

For next year, the budget provides funds in the amount of 150 million rubles that may be used to compensate leasing payments and loans to acquire new equipment.

Securities took the place of traditional bank credits.

More relevant is the availability of loans.

Traditional means of communication

Detergent is poisonous.

After all, by allowing people to spend more than they have, borrowed money can fuel growth.

And China s banks pumped massive amounts of credit into the country s economy, enabling it to sustain import demand, which was critical to the global recovery.

First, most international bank lending was very short term.

Banks never wanted to admit to their bad loans, and now they don t want to recognize the losses, at least not until they can adequately recapitalize themselves through their trading profits and the large spread between their high lending rates and rock bottom borrowing costs.

These borrowings caused a surge in non performing bank loans in the early and mid 1990 s, when total non performing loans hit 40 of GDP.

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Does the end justify the means?

The owner of the vehicle is Tom.

Likewise, micro credit schemes throughout the developing world have provided finance for the poor to expand their economic enterprise, with repayment rates that are truly impressive.

Moreover, the CBR scheduled a special auction for such loans on December 15 with the total amount of the loans similar to that of Rosneft s bond issue.

The type of regime Mubarak was running had been clear for many years, and it was also clear how the money was being used.

Investment banks with leverage of more than 30 times their capital in early 2007 are now down to little more than ten times.

Confidence isn t built up on the basis of spending or lending alone.

We confused means with ends.

as a treatment against consumption.

A project preparation fund of 50,000 is requested for the feasibility study and detailed programme set up.

Screen captures of the Qiaobi detergent ad.