So you can imagine you have a carbon molecule here.

The back carbon we'll represent like that.

You have your carbon sitting in the middle.

Well, it's one carbon.

This right here is just one carbon attached to the main chain.

Meth is for one carbon.

And then you have another carbon molecule right over there.

So in the front we'll consider this carbon the front carbon we have our hydrogen pointing straight down like that.

So the circle represents the back of carbon.

The front carbon is kind of represented by just that dot.

The carbon that we're connected to branches off to three other carbons.

So in this situation, you would draw the carbon molecule in front, would just be the intersection of these bonds.

A carbon atom is made of even more fundamental particles.

So let's see, the sixth carbon is right here.

Well if carbon is bonded to one other carbon atom, we've already referred to this as an alkene.

So this would be one carbon right there. Then you would have another carbon right over there, and another carbon right over there. And then you'd have your fourth carbon.

I have another carbon here that has 1, 2, 3, 4 electrons and let me do the other carbon in the first yellow.

And then you know that carbon makes 4 bonds.

So notice, in this situation this carbon appears kind of at the top of the chair, and this carbon is at the bottom, and then they've flipped.

So if you have one carbon, the prefix is meth .

There are these atom thick tube of carbon and they have these fantastic properties.

So if you see something like that, you assume that there is a carbon at that end point and a carbon at that end point.

Each carbon atom contributes one electron to a delocalised system of electrons that is also a part of the chemical bonding.

Four atoms of hydrogen, the four points of the tetrahedron, which means the little carbon atom.

This one in green, this only has one the carbon branching off of the main chain, so it's prefix will be meth and it'll be a methyl group, so that is methyl.

One carbon 12 atom is what?

All organic compounds, those essential for life, contain at least one atom of carbon.

This is a propyl group, but it has a methyl remember, meth is one carbon.

Maybe I have another carbon here that has .. (let me do the carbons in slightly different shades of yellow).

But say we have one carbon over here, and it has 4 valence electrons.

Now, you might say, hey, Sal, how do I know which carbon to add it to?

And then the back carbon I said the front carbon is the intersection of the bonds of these three hydrogens the back carbon you represented as a circle.

It's just one carbon sitting right there, so 4 methylnonane.

So it has that blue hydrogen, this green hydrogen, and then this magenta hydrogen.

Because the methyl group, that one carbon, that one CH3, is attached to the third carbon on our nonane backbone, so that right there is 3 methylnonane.

And I had snuck in this article on these things called carbon nanotubes, and that's just a long, thin pipe of carbon that's an atom thick, and one 50,000th the diameter of your hair.

In organic chemistry, a heteroatom (from Ancient Greek heteros , different, atomos ) is any atom that is not carbon or hydrogen.

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If we use the common naming, the carbon we immediately touch on or that we immediately get to when we go off of our main ring, that branches off into three other carbons, so this is tert , tert for three.

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