Chronic shortages of power such as these affect the whole of sub Saharan Africa.

If that country had its own currency, the exchange rate would decline, benefiting exports and impeding imports.

In the 1980 s, Scandinavian countries stood for chronic budget deficits, high inflation, and repeated devaluations.

My conjunctivitis is chronic.

I have chronic dermatitis.

But a chronic current account deficit is unsound, unfair, and unsustainable in the long run.

Because America s economy is so large, and the dollar so central to global finance, chronic US budget deficits mean huge global repercussions. The dollar is weakening, as financial markets understand that the US will need to borrow huge sums from abroad for years to come.

Because America s economy is so large, and the dollar so central to global finance, chronic US budget deficits mean huge global repercussions.

America runs a chronic current account deficit approaching an astonishing 5 of GDP 242 billion in the first half of this year.

Japan's chronic slump is a case in point.

This deficit reflects an underlying research deficit.

Subsidies combined with a bloated civil service (there are over 2 million state employees) generate chronic budget deficits, estimated at 5 of GDP in 1998 99. Worse, the deficit is financed by printing money, fanning inflation, which reached 24 in 1998 99 and is rising.

Chronic stagnation is too high a price to pay for adopting the euro.

In addition to securing energy supplies, the deal would help Turkey to overcome its chronic current account deficit roughly 70 of the country s 84 billion trade deficit is due to the import bill for energy supplies.

A single currency also means a common exchange rate relative to other currencies, which, for any country within the euro zone, precludes a natural market response to a chronic trade deficit.

The global economic crisis has merely helped to mask chronic structural imbalances within the region.

True, a steep and persistent collapse in earnings will erode wealth invested in stocks.

For example, the immune system is enhanced by acute stress but suppressed by chronic stress.

The current spotlight may be on Europe s financial woes, but the bigger picture for China is that America s chronic deficits and indebtedness epitomize its relative decline.

Germany s Europe Deficit

So deficits grow.

The Skills Deficit

Apakah kekurangan energi benar terjadi?

The moral deficit is on a mass scale.

We have a deficit.

Scarcity in an Age of Plenty

We are experiencing a shortage of nightstands.

The gargantuan US trade deficit?

As time passes, deficits accumulate.

Latin America s Education Deficit

Closing America s Jobs Deficit

India is now short of food.

A water shortage causes a lot of inconvenience.

Chronic stress inhibits neurogenesis and also causes many hippocampal neurons to shrink a process called remodeling.

Such shortages, no surprise, have stoked inflation.

Europe u0027s Defense Investment Gap

Now, trade deficits are like hot potatoes.

The result is a budget deficit equivalent to more than 5 of GDP.

The US government itself has taken advantage by running vast deficits.

The water shortage is due to the weather.

The recent coffee shortage brought about many problems.

The United States trade and current account deficits have begun to shrink relative to American and world GDP.

Thus, in order to keep the current account deficit stable, the trade deficit must shrink. And the only way for the trade deficit to shrink substantially is for net imports to fall, which requires either a relatively sharp decline in the value of the dollar, thereby raising import prices, or a depression in the US.

This growing fiscal deficit, however, has created a higher monetized deficit, inciting greater inflationary pressures.

Twin current account and fiscal deficits (and or currency and debt maturity mismatches) were the rule.