In the last couple of decades, US courts have made proving price predation next to impossible. Yet the EU s competition authorities persist in accusing Intel of exactly this form of irrational behavior.

Through these campaigns, competition authorities stimulate a culture of competition and make the public realize how harmful anti competitive practices are.

The FTC had no choice but to revert to moral suasion and voluntary compliance to fulfil its mandate.

President of the Turkish Competition

In many instances sector regulators' existence preceded that of the competition authority and they were given responsibility for competition issues in their respective sectors.

In any coordination arrangement, each Party's competition authorities will seek to conduct their enforcement activities consistently with the enforcement objectives of the other Party's competition authorities.

The majority of jurisdictions are generally able to effectively enforce their competition legislation within these confines, which often imply a blurring of the competition authority and sector regulator jurisdictions or a policy vacuum.

By contrast, EU competition investigations drag on and on.

Indeed, in many countries privatization has often been accompanied by the creation of new sector regulators in order to ensure the success of market reforms.

Appointment and Promotion Bodies Secretariat

All of these three regional arrangements have a supranational character, as in the case of the EU (which provides for common regional competition rules to be enforced by both the EU Commission and national competition authorities).

The importance of information sharing between competition authorities is also an aspect which comes out of this report.

(b) An updated version of the Directory of Competition Authorities and

Requests may be made by the respective competition authorities for waivers of confidentiality from persons providing confidential information.

Economic regulation, especially that being applied to markets in the process of liberalization, should be subject to sunsetting and should not be renewed unless the competition agency believes that is justified by continued market power thought should also be given to requiring regulatory forbearance in any market which is workably competitive, and once again the competition agency could usefully be involved in that determination.

It operates autonomously and organizes its own work programme.

The Norwegian Competition Authority successfully used this procedure to ensure that the market remained competitive.

The purpose of this Agreement is to promote cooperation, including both enforcement and technical cooperation, between the competition authorities of the Parties, and to ensure that the Parties give careful consideration to each other's important interests in the application of their competition laws.

Based on information received from Argentina Competition Commission.

See the South African Competition Commission's website www.compcom.co.za resources Media.

Dawn raids are resource intensive the competition agency must be selective in their use.

Developing countries' competition authorities now do sometimes participate in exchanges of general information, as well as some case specific exchanges of information.

Positive comity allocation of competence among competition authorities

Advised investigative authorities on mutual assistance and extradition

Therefore, competition authorities have to evaluate critically the effects of these practices, and this is easier when the law provides for a per se illegal situation.

The current case illustrates that competition authorities should evaluate the effects of mergers on their markets and resolve cases on the basis of that analysis.

Unfortunately, not every competition agency in a developing country has it.

Based on information gathered by the UNCTAD secretariat from the Zambian Competition Commission.

Based on material available on the Norwegian Competition Authority's website www.konkurransetilsynet.no

The EU has created a channel of communication with Turkey on political matters.

A national workshop on competition policy for competition experts was held by UNCTAD and the Ministry of Commerce and Industry of Botswana on 5 and 6 February 2004 in Gaborone.

In recommending a model competition agreement, attention should be paid to the needs of developing countries, and any multilateral competition framework should include special provisions and carve outs for developing countries.

As of 1999, the competition agencies had prosecuted only one cartel case under the country's competition law, which was enacted in 1988.

This case exemplifies cooperation and exchange of information between competition authorities.

Based on material available on the South African Competition Commission's website, www.compcom.co.za

Based on material available on the Hungarian Competition Authority's website www.gvh.ionlab.net

First, there needs to be a level playing field within the EU.

Lack of competition within the EU also has security implications.

Fight against corruption Fair competition Information and learning about EU standards on competition Reduce wrongly used state aids and subsidies Social responsibility of enterprises

Arrangement Between The Fair Trade Commission Of The Republic Of Korea And The Federal Competition Commission Of The United Mexican States Regarding The Application Of Their Competition Laws , Seoul, 23 April 2004.

If enforcement activities are initiated or expanded, the requested Party's competition authorities shall advise the requesting Party of their outcome and, to the extent possible, of significant interim developments.

UNCTAD should cooperate closely with other international organizations active in the area of competition, including OECD and the İnternational Competition Network (İCN).

Environment authorities lack reliable information on solid waste management issues.

Press and Information Counsellor at the Ukrainian Delegation to EU (Brussels).

Competition authorities, on the other hand, tend to believe that the more competition, the better.