About 10 of all retinal ganglion cells are parasol cells, and these cells are part of the magnocellular pathway.

And the other thing is they're working on artificial retinas for the blind.

This experience taught me to empathize more with my patients, and especially those with retinal diseases.

For example, the receptive field of a ganglion cell in the retina of the eye is composed of input from all of the photoreceptors which synapse with it, and a group of ganglion cells in turn forms the receptive field for a cell in the brain.

Carmen Puliafito, who developed a laser scanner of the retina, I found out the the following.

The instant you stepped outside, specialized receptors in your retina in the back of the eye would kick off an avalanche of neurological activity.

This is a degeneration of the retina.

As a result of examinations by the prison doctor on 14 November 1988, aphykia (the absence of the lens of the eye) and ablatio retinae (detachment of the retina) were found.

And then the transducer then makes the output cells send the code on up to the brain, and the result is a retinal prosthetic that can produce normal retinal output.

We kind of changed the simple digital camera into a retinal camera, and then every patient gets their teleconsultation with a doctor.

But sometime ago, through the help of an opthamologist colleague of mine, Carmen Puliafito, who developed a laser scanner of the retina, I found out the the following.

So what happens when a person gets a retinal degenerative disease like macular degeneration? What happens is is that, the front end cells die, the photoreceptors die, and over time, all the cells and the circuits that are connected to them, they die too.

Stage 5 is total retinal detachment.

I have permanent retinal damage

And I'm going to show you a system that we designed to model the retina, which is a piece of brain that lines the inside of your eyeball.

And so the encoder does just what I was saying it mimics the actions of the front end circuitry so it takes images in and converts them into the retina's code.

So what it's doing is, it's replacing the retinal circuitry, really the guts of the retinal circuitry, with a set of equations, a set of equations that we can implement on a chip.

So from the retina you go onto visual cortex.

We've just abstracted what the retina's doing with a set of equations.

Immunological memory When B cells and T cells are activated some will become memory B cells and some memory T cells.

I had retinal detachment five years ago.

In other words, we're not literally replacing the components of the retina.

And, there are other frequently dividing cells in your body like skin cells, gut cells, and blood cells.

So what it's doing is, it's replacing the retinal circuitry, really the guts of the retinal circuitry, with a set of equations, a set of equations that we can implement on a chip. So it's just math.

Γ (gamma) cells, (PP cells) are pancreatic polypeptide producing cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.

The ophthalmologist who operated on her, however, concluded in his report that an ocular contusion with subsequent tearing might well have given rise to a detached retina a month after the accident.

The immune cells developed into the tolerance promoting cells.

Remember red blood cells are the ones that contain the hemoglobin.

This TGF β acts on the surrounding stromal cells, immune cells, endothelial and smooth muscle cells.

There are also several neuroprosthetic devices that aim to restore vision, including retinal implants.

51 Days Developing retina, nose and fingers

The sea of blue that you see here are densely packed brain cells, but the green brain cells, the green brain cells are the ones that are holding on to a specific fear memory.

Thank you very much, the passport will remain pretty much the way it is right now with the RFlD chip in it and the fingerprints and the retinal scan and everything.

Fat derived stem cells are adult stem cells.

But adult stem cells are not embryonic stem cells.

A windpipe cell already knows it's a windpipe cell.

Cell Wood

Cell size

Cube size

Carpet size

Foam cells.

BATTERY CAGES

CAGE MADNESS

There go the cells.

Unto my cell.