On both accounts, aggregate demand will decline.

Total damages resulting from the accused individuals' actions are estimated at 300 million dollars.

After all, it is only aggregate demand that matters to the Keynesian faithful.

That would have two adverse effects on aggregate demand and employment.

If there is going to be more aggregate demand, it can come from only one place.

While some jobs moved abroad, the net effect was still greatly positive.

When aggregate demand falls short of aggregate supply, governments must increase public spending.

The gross income remaining the same, the household economy is not changed.

The world s climate is affected by total emissions, regardless of their origin.

Many believe that aggregate CO2 emissions are the result of independent decisions in individual countries.

Their aggregate GDP stands at around 11 trillion, or about 80 of the US level.

This currently only happens if a company meets complex turnover thresholds.

While such reserve accumulations help protect countries, in certain periods they reduce global aggregate demand.

Interest rates, employment, aggregate demand, and technological and institutional innovation all play a role.

Deficit spending in a recession, he said, help s maintain the aggregate demand for goods and services.

According to Keynesian economics, governments should boost total demand through quantitative easing and fiscal stimulus.

In 2002, for example, the top ten American drug companies had sales of 217 billion.

That individual s combined income would be achieved with a lower cost to the employer, increasing the individual s ability to find employment.

After the recent financial crisis, Goldman Sachs upped the ante and projected that the combined GDP of the BRICs might exceed that of the G 7 countries by 2027, about 10 years sooner than initially believed.

Given that the combined equity capital stock of all US financial institutions is roughly 1.2 trillion dollars, this is a breathtaking sum.

Suddenly, doubts have arisen, and the cumulative effect of them could to turn a boom into slowdown, or even into recession.

There is little recognition that domestic aggregate demand cannot be restored to its pre crisis levels except through growth.

Sustained robust growth and rising aggregate demand have also caused production bottlenecks outside of China, most notably in the agricultural commodity and mining sectors, which have helped lift oil prices to more than 100 per barrel.

But perhaps the world should be thankful, because without American profligacy, there would have been insufficient global aggregate demand.

Consider first the goal of reversing the monetary expansion, which is necessary to avoid a surge of inflation when aggregate demand begins to pick up.

Total shareholder return (TSR) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) often seem completely divorced from each other.

Its trade balance is positive, and total public debt is not as high as it is in other countries.

As a result, based on the projected ending fund balance for 2004 of 9.21 million, the total 2005 year end cumulative fund balance is projected at 12.12 million.

The World Bank estimates that the cumulative growth losses due to the epidemic will amount to 1.6 billion in 2015 for the three countries.

Many people escape poverty while others fall into poverty, even when the overall poverty rate moves rather little.

But this was just the flip side of what Keynes had worried about insufficient global aggregate demand.

Shifting income from those who would spend it to those who won t lowers aggregate demand.

A commitment to hold down nominal interest rates for a longer period of time should stimulate aggregate demand immediately.

But falling core inflation (which excludes volatile energy and food prices) also points to weak aggregate demand.

The collective dollar value of BRIC consumers is estimated conservatively at just over 4 trillion, possibly 4.5 trillion.

It not only boosts aggregate demand directly it also expands potential output by increasing the stock of productivity boosting capital.

In January 2001, the cumulative budget outcome for the years 2002 2011 was projected to be 5.6 trillion dollars in surplus.

If the G 20 members fully implement their commitments under these strategies, their collective GDP is expected to increase by another 1 .

Even with very low interest rates, according to this view, investment demand will remain low, and therefore aggregate demand will remain insufficient.

And equity values decline toward a more realistic reflection of economic fundamentals will further weaken aggregate demand and growth.

Although high oil prices look like a tax on business activity that depresses aggregate demand, they also raise inflation, both directly and indirectly.

But, with aggregate demand falling below growing aggregate supply, slack goods markets will lead to lower inflation as firms pricing power is restrained.

Moreover, devaluation will impose heavy burdens on China, for example, it will certainly increase the cost of servicing China's debts and may also worsen the overall balance of payment.

Quite apart from the political difficulty of achieving this would be the very serious adverse effect on aggregate domestic demand, and therefore on production and employment.

As a result, the combined GDP of the 57 member Organization of the Islamic Conference nations now only about 13 of global output will easily double in the coming decades.