For two decades, expectations that an appreciating yen would restore external balance were repeatedly disappointed. At the time of the December 1971 Smithsonian Agreement, 308 yen to the dollar was supposed to do the trick.

This requires improved security, inflows of aid and investment, and the curtailment of land expropriations that deny the promise of statehood.

For two decades, expectations that an appreciating yen would restore external balance were repeatedly disappointed.

The Measurement of Hope

List of hope

There is little hope.

There's no hope.

There's no hope.

There isn't any hope.

There is no hope.

There is no hope.

Fear cannot be without hope nor hope without fear.

Emerging Hope from Africa

Hope on the Horizon

My hopes revived.

There is not much hope.

There's no hope.

There isn't any hope.

Don't lose hope.

Do not lose hope.

Don't lose hope.

(a) Awareness raising

Prices will continue to rise.

Tom got a promotion.

I got promoted.

I got promoted.

I've been promoted.

I got a promotion.

He needs a raise.

They need a raise.

He got a promotion.

A Glimmer of Hope in Iran

After the God that Failed

Silver Linings for a Golden Age

These hopes have proven illusory.

But there is one glimmer of hope.

Morley sings Women of Hope

Without it, there is no hope.

MH370 s Beacon of Hope

Yet there are hints of hope.

A Speech of Hope for Greece

But not so.

But there was no hope.

Expectations of Koike are high

There is no hope of success.