Prudential controls on capital flows make a lot of sense. Short term flows not only wreak havoc with domestic macroeconomic management, but they also aggravate adverse exchange rate movements.

Prudential controls on capital flows make a lot of sense.

Encouraging private capital flows and remittances

Freeing up capital flows had an inexorable logic or so it seemed.

Nor, on balance, has liberalization of capital flows stabilized consumption.

9. The Ministers welcomed the increase in private financial flows to developing countries.

A reserve requirement on cross border flows is one of them.

a. avoid destabilising capital flows to maximise benefits from globalised capital markets, thereby minimising risk

The decline in cross border flows intensified after the September 11 attacks last year.

According to the natural capital theory, the environment contributes to human development through material and service flows.

The volatility in equity prices in recent months has more to do with the peculiarities of China s stock markets than with the country s underlying economic fundamentals.

The second broad set of variables to fall out of the natural capital framework includes the flow variables.

Referring to capital controls, John Maynard Keynes famously said what used to be heresy restrictions on capital flows is now endorsed as orthodoxy.

A more balanced agenda would balance attempts to ease capital flows with efforts to facilitate the flow of labor, including unskilled labor.

Opening up markets to the free flow of capital, not the dictatorship of the proletariat, has rendered state power obsolete.

Since there were no substantial capital flows for a long time, this did not matter at first.

The G 20 must do far more to harmonize economic and trade policies across countries and continents to catalyze global growth. Unnecessary barriers to cross border capital flows and direct cross border investment must be eliminated as economies become stronger.

Governments would not be required to reduce or eliminate controls on capital flows especially of the short term kind.

Pushing countries to liberalize their capital markets and open them up to speculative capital flows is one example.

Changes in land use and land cover are another important flow measure related to qualitative changes in natural capital.

All these measures must be implemented taking into consideration that remittances constitute private flows of capital.

A wide range of official measures could be employed to support domestic demand while protecting medium term fiscal sustainability. And, to address volatile capital flows, countries should increase exchange rate flexibility, maintain adequate international reserves, and implement carefully designed capital controls.

And, to address volatile capital flows, countries should increase exchange rate flexibility, maintain adequate international reserves, and implement carefully designed capital controls.

An invasion of short term capital flows fleeing the slow growth, low interest rate advanced countries.

The second cycle of seven fat years was the period of record capital flows to emerging markets in 1990 1996.

Brazil, Indonesia, South Korea, Thailand, and Taiwan have all recently introduced disincentives to capital inflows.

The liberalization of capital flows is intended to be a gradual national policy, channeled through trusted institutions in Shanghai.

There is a need, through triangular cooperation, to ensure the complementarities of South South and North South private capital flows.

In the recent IMF document, the Fund proposes a set of guidelines that countries should use for capital account regulations (which they call capital flow management measures, or CFMs). The guidelines correctly emphasize that these regulations should complement, not replace, counter cyclical macroeconomic policies.

But we all know the outcome while international capital flows soared, the large net flow of capital from rich to poor countries simply never materialized.

The latter course risks the worst of all worlds all of the costs of capital controls and all of the domestic policy complications from volatile capital flows, but few of the potential benefits of foreign capital.

Strategic use of international trade and capital flows is part of a development strategy it should not be a substitute for it.

For emerging markets, the best way forward is to correct the incentives for interest rate arbitrage at the source of capital flows.

By the 1970 s, however, the IMF and Western powers began to dismantle the theory and practice of regulating global capital flows.

Trade, private capital flows, remittances and private transfers currently dwarfed amounts contributed through aid.

Capital market liberalization was the culprit, exposing countries to the vagaries of international capital flows to both irrational pessimism and optimism, not to mention the manipulation of speculators.

The euro was a great idea, but the economy that backs it is distinctly dull. So there is no way Europe will become a magnet for world capital flows anytime soon.

So there is no way Europe will become a magnet for world capital flows anytime soon.

Concerned about the excessive volatility of speculative short term capital flows and the contagion effects in financial markets in times of crisis,

Moreover, the overall positive figure would be substantially reduced if account was taken of the significant losses to the developing countries caused by the deterioration in the terms of trade.

The pro cyclical boom bust cycles of private capital inflows and outflows underscore the need for developing market institutions and instruments that encourage more stable capital flows.

Regulation of cross border capital flows has been strangely absent from the G 20 s agenda, which is aimed at strengthening financial regulation.

Flow variables include those related to assessing the qualitative and quantitative changes in natural capital from one period to the next.

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